Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a primary cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally, with an increasing incidence in both developed and developing areas. Early detection greatly enhances prognosis; nevertheless, traditional screening techniques, including colonoscopy and faecal occult blood tests, possess drawbacks such as invasiveness, accessibility, and inconsistent sensitivity. Recent progress in biomarkers, imaging technology, and preventive methods presents prospects to improve CRC identification and monitoring.

Objective: This review seeks to furnish a thorough examination of contemporary and novel methodologies for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection, with a focus on stool- and blood-based biomarkers, imaging techniques, and preventive measures. It emphasises their clinical value, constraints, and prospective incorporation into multi-modal detection frameworks.

Methods: A narrative assessment of contemporary literature (2014–2025) was performed utilising PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, concentrating on studies assessing CRC biomarkers, imaging technology, and preventative measures. The focus was on translational research, clinical usefulness, and innovations having the potential for deployment at the population level.

Results: Stool- and blood-based biomarkers, such as faecal immunochemical tests, multi-target stool DNA assays, circulating tumour DNA, and circulating tumour cells, show good specificity and are becoming useful for early diagnosis and monitoring of minimal residual disease. Imaging technologies, including high-definition colonoscopy, chromoendoscopy, CT colonography, and MRI, are being enhanced by artificial intelligence to facilitate superior polyp diagnosis and risk classification. Preventive methods, including lifestyle change, chemoprevention, and risk-adapted screening, are essential for alleviating the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC). Integrated strategies that use both biomarkers and imaging could lead to personalised, non-invasive ways to find things. Challenges remain, especially with cost, accessibility, standardization, and population-specific variability in test performance.

Conclusion: Recent advancements in biomarkers, imaging, and preventive measures have significantly enhanced colorectal cancer (CRC) detection, with multimodal techniques presenting the most promising guarantee for improving early diagnosis and clinical outcomes. Future research should concentrate on validation across varied populations, cost-effectiveness, and incorporation into national screening initiatives to optimize public health outcomes.