Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a key modifiable contributor to coronary artery disease (CAD), typically resulting in more widespread and intense atherosclerotic changes than in individuals without diabetes. Coronary angiography (CAG) serves as the primary method for determining the distribution, extent, and degree of CAD. The current investigation examined differences in CAG outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
Methods: Conducted as a single-centre observational study, this work enrolled 60 individuals (aged 35–70 years) referred for CAG due to suspected CAD. Participants were categorized into diabetic (n=30) and non-diabetic (n=30) cohorts. Evaluated features encompassed the count of affected vessels (normal, single-, double-, or triple-vessel disease), degree of narrowing (<50%, 50–70%, >70%), and complications arising after the procedure. Comparisons relied on chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, with significance set at p<0.05. Results:Subjects with diabetes displayed markedly greater multi-vessel involvement, notably triple-vessel disease, along with a higher frequency of critical narrowing (>70%) relative to the non-diabetic group (p<0.001 for vessel distribution; p<0.05 for stenosis grade). The left anterior descending artery emerged as the predominant site of involvement across both cohorts. Procedure-related issues, including pain and haemorrhage, occurred more often among diabetics. Notable variations appeared in age, body weight, and BMI (p<0.05). Conclusion: The presence of diabetes correlates with increased CAD severity and breadth as revealed by angiography, reinforcing the value of prompt identification and intensive control of cardiovascular risks in affected individuals.