Neuroscience research has witnessed remarkable advancements in recent years, spanning from intricate brain mapping techniques to innovative approaches for cognitive enhancement. This journal article provides an overview of key developments in neuroscience, highlighting breakthroughs in neuroimaging, neural circuitry mapping, and cognitive neuroscience. We explore the diverse methodologies employed in brain mapping, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and electroencephalography (EEG), which have revolutionized our understanding of brain structure and function. Additionally, we discuss emerging strategies for cognitive enhancement, such as neurofeedback, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and pharmacological interventions. By examining the intersection of neuroscience research and cognitive enhancement technologies, this article aims to elucidate the potential implications for neuroscience, medicine, and society at large.