Epidemiology

Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Biology, and Management

  • Onyewuchi, AJ1
  • Uko,AF2
  • Otene, SA3
  • Gbaa, ZL2
  • Anenga, Rn4
  • Ugwu, I 5
  • Umobong, Eo6
  • Ojo, BA7
  • Gbaa, Af8

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer mortality. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)—defined by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2—accounts for roughly 15–20% of breast cancers globally and is associated with aggressive biology, early relapse, and poorer survival compared with other subtypes … Read more

Gastric Cancer in West Africa: A Regional Review of Epidemiology, Clinic pathology, and Management

  • Ugwu IV1
  • Umobong EO2
  • Gbaa ZL3
  • Ojo BA4
  • Uko AF3
  • Onyewuchi AJ5
  • Gbaa AF6

Introduction: Gastric cancer ranks as the fifth most prevalent malignancy worldwide and is the third primary cause of cancer-related mortality, with approximately 1 million new cases and over 760,000 deaths each year {1}. Incidence rates have decreased in high-income countries owing to advancements in food preservation and Helicobacter pylori management; however, Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly West … Read more