Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth among children aged 3 to 15 years in Laos between 2002 and 2024. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Databases were searched using relevant keywords to identify studies related to dental caries in the Lao population. The inclusion criteria were manuscripts published in English from 2002 to May 2024. MetaEssentials software was used to analyze data separately for primary and permanent teeth. Random-effects and ixed-effects models were applied depending on the level of heterogeneity. Forest plots were used to evaluate caries prevalence in both dentitions. Results: A total of 6,212 participants from 12 studies were included in the metaanalysis. The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth showed a mean decayed, missing, and illed teeth (dmft) index of 5.76 (95% conidence interval [CI]: 2.55–14.06), with an average prevalence of 98.3%. For permanent teeth, the mean DMFT index was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.66–4.27), with an average prevalence of 44.8%. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the prevalence of dental caries in Laos is high. However, the available data do not provide comprehensive coverage of dental caries across all regions of Lao PDR. Therefore, future research should focus on assessing caries prevalence in a wider range of geographical regions throughout Laos.