In the Unani system of medicine, mizāj (temperament) is a fundamental principle that dictates the structural and functional integrity of the body. Health (Ṣiḥḥat) is considered the result of a balanced mizāj. A deviation from this balance, termed Sū’-i-Mizāj, is the underlying cause of most diseases. Fawāq, commonly known as hiccup or hichkī, is a … Read more
Introduction Stroke is a devastating neurological disorder and one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and long-term disability worldwide [1]. It is characterized by a sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain, resulting in oxygen and nutrient deprivation, which rapidly leads to the loss of brain tissue and neurological function. Based on the … Read more
Introduction The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents one of the most restrictive biological interfaces in the human body, functioning as a selective gatekeeper that maintains central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by regulating molecular transport between systemic circulation and brain parenchyma [1]. This specialized endothelial barrier poses significant challenges for pharmaceutical development, as it prevents approximately 98% … Read more