Article Archive: Volume 5 Issue 1 2026

Current Understanding of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Age-Related Neurological Disorders

  • Devendra Kumar Sahu

1. Introduction Population aging has emerged as one of the most significant demographic trends of the twenty-first century. Advances in healthcare, nutrition, and living standards have substantially increased life expectancy worldwide, resulting in a growing proportion of elderly individuals [1]. Although increased longevity is a positive development, it is accompanied by a rising burden of … Read more

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Some New Methylxanthine-Bearing Chalcone Derivatives as Antiproliferative agents

  • Valarmathy Joshua1
  • L. Samuel Joshua1
  • Sherlyn Joshua2
  • Vinolyn Joshua2

1. Introduction Chalcones are an important class of open-chain flavonoids chemically known as 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-ones, in which two aromatic rings are connected through a three-carbon α,β-unsaturated carbonyl framework. Their characteristic structure contains a ketoethylenic moiety (–CO–CH=CH–) that serves as a highly reactive pharmacophoric unit responsible for many of their biological activities. The presence of conjugated double bonds … Read more

Effects of micro and nanoplastics on human health: A narrative review

  • Luiz Antonio Del Ciampo
  • Ivan Savioli Ferraz

Introduction Since 1862, when Alexander Parkes, an English metallurgist, created parkesine from cellulose, recognised as the first synthetic polymer in history, humanity has lived with a new material of high durability, versatility, low cost, and the ability to be moulded into various shapes, which gives it great utility for the production of the most varied … Read more

D-Dimer level as a diagnostic marker in neonatal sepsis

  • Kahtan Adnan Kamel1
  • Nihad Khalawe Tektook2
  • Mohammed Flayyih Tareef3
  • Shams Al-Mundhader Saad Abd4
  • Manhal Saad Abd5

Introduction    Neonatal sepsis remains a formidable challenge in perinatal medicine, contributing significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Its diagnosis is particularly difficult due to the non-specific and often subtle clinical signs in newborns, which can overlap with non-infectious conditions. Blood culture, the historical gold standard, is hindered by a 24–48-hour time delay and … Read more

Clinician Perspectives on the use of Rabeprazole in the Management of Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Indian Settings

  • Manjula S
  • Krishna Kumar M

Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders globally and continues to impose a substantial clinical and public health burden. In 2021, an estimated 825.60 million cases were reported worldwide, corresponding to an age-standardized prevalence rate of 9,838.60 per 100,000 population and 6.34 million disability-adjusted life years, with projections suggesting … Read more

Association between Bacterial Virulence Factors and Host Immune Response: An Updated Review

  • Haneen Akram Habeeb1
  • Mohammed Flayyih Tareef2
  • Nihad Khalawe Tektook3
  • Shams Al-Mundhader Saad Abd4

1. Introduction Bacterial infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing regions where infectious diseases continue to impose a heavy healthcare burden. The pathogenesis and clinical outcome of bacterial infections are largely determined by the interaction between bacterial virulence factors and the host immune response. These interactions are complex and … Read more

Awareness, Knowledge and Perception of Sickle Cell Anaemia Among Adolescents in Selected Private Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

  • OZIGBO Chinelo Juliana1
  • OKORIE Elizabeth-Martha2

1.0 Introduction Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is one of the most common inherited haemoglobin disorders globally and remains a major public health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the burden of the disease is highest [1,2]. It is the most common and severe form of sickle cell disease (SCD) and results from a genetic mutation … Read more

GSK3β (rs334558) Promoter Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Breast Cancer: Case-Control Study in a South Indian Population with Comprehensive Statistical Analysis

  • Sarika Jarjapu1
  • Shafeen Khan1
  • Santhoshi Nachari1
  • Raghunadha Rao Digumarthi2
  • Vishnupriya Satti3
  • Sandhya Annamaneni1

Introduction Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β; OMIM #605004) is one of those enzymes whose full significance in biology only became clear long after its initial discovery. Originally characterised as a regulator of glycogen metabolism phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase in response to insulin it is now understood to be a constitutively active kinase operating at … Read more

Association of Iron Deficiency Anemia with the Development and Progression of Heart Failure

  • Ramy Amer Hirmiz1
  • Omar Farooq Nafea Al-Azzawi2

Introduction     Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent and growing condition, with its burden expected to increase by up to 50% by 2030 due to population ageing and improved survival from coronary artery disease [1]. Despite therapeutic advances, HF remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with 1-year mortality rates of 25–35% following hospitalization and … Read more

The Impact of Heart Disease on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Pregnancy

  • Asmaa Fadhil Nassar
  • Zainab Hazim Abdul Karim
  • Arij sabah abdulla

Introduction     Cardiovascular disease (CVD) complicates 1% to 4% of pregnancies and remains a leading cause of non‑obstetric maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Its incidence is rising due to increasing maternal age, cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, diabetes, hypertension), and improved survival of women with congenital heart disease (CHD) [1]. Congenital heart disease is the … Read more